Understanding stigma toward schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is arguably one of the most stigmatized psychiatric disorders, with patients frequently seeing the burden of stigmatization as a "second illness." Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among the main aspects of the stigma toward schizophrenia. This study used a vignette methodology with 2053 individuals from the general population in Italy. The main aspects of stigma - causal beliefs, recommended treatments, social distance, perception of dangerousness, and avoidance - were investigated through participants' responses, and a latent variable structural equation model (SEM) approach was used to test the relationships among them. Perceived dangerousness predicts the desire for social distancing from an individual with schizophrenia, which predicts the desire for avoidance. In addition, biogenetic causal beliefs of schizophrenia and position on the appropriate medical treatment predict the perception of dangerousness and thus a greater desire for social distance. This study contributes to the literature on the stigmatization of mental health by improving our understanding of the phenomenon. Highlighting the relationships between aspects of stigma allows for a discussion of the implications for anti-stigma interventions.