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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

31
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
31
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

29
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
29
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

53
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
53
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

54
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
54
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

68
In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
68
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

23
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
23

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

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ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Pyelonephritis: 2022 Update.

, Andrew D Smith1, Paul Nikolaidis2

  • 1University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR
|November 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a severe urinary tract infection (UTI) that can lead to sepsis. Imaging is recommended for high-risk patients to diagnose APN and guide treatment, but not typically for uncomplicated cases.

Keywords:
AUCAcute pyelonephritisAppropriateness CriteriaPyelonephritisUrinary tract infection

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Acute pyelonephritis (APN), a severe urinary tract infection (UTI), can progress to sepsis, shock, and death.
  • Uncomplicated APN is usually diagnosed clinically and treated with antibiotics, but high-risk patients may develop renal abscesses.

Framework:

  • Guidelines for APN diagnosis and management are crucial for patient outcomes.
  • ACR Appropriateness Criteria provide evidence-based recommendations for medical imaging in specific clinical conditions.

Implementation:

  • Imaging studies (CT, MRI, ultrasound) aid in diagnosing APN, identifying causes, and differentiating from lower UTIs in high-risk individuals.
  • Imaging is generally not indicated for first-time, uncomplicated APN presentations.
  • CT is often avoided for initial imaging in pregnant patients with uncomplicated APN.

Implications:

  • Appropriate imaging selection in high-risk APN patients can improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning.
  • Adherence to evidence-based guidelines ensures optimal use of resources and patient care.
  • Further research may be needed when literature is lacking or equivocal, relying on expert consensus.