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Radiography using cosmic-ray electromagnetic showers and its application in hydrology.

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Cosmic electromagnetic particle (CEMP) radiography uses underground cosmic-ray electromagnetic particles to monitor soil water content. This novel method accurately tracks water variations after rainfall events.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Hydrology
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • In-situ soil water content is crucial for understanding hydrological processes.
  • Existing methods for soil water monitoring have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a new method for monitoring soil water content using cosmic-ray electromagnetic particles.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of cosmic electromagnetic particle (CEMP) radiography.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a detection system to select electromagnetic particles via scintillator coincidence.
  • Calibration tests using a water pool to determine sensitivity.
  • Field measurements in a horizontal tunnel, accounting for atmospheric and water vapor pressures.
  • Validation through Monte Carlo simulations.

Main Results:

  • A decrease of 0.6-0.7% in count rate per 1 cm increase in water level was observed during calibration.
  • Field measurements showed a clear correlation between count rate drop and 48-hour precipitation.
  • The method demonstrated robustness after correcting for environmental factors.

Conclusions:

  • Cosmic electromagnetic particle (CEMP) radiography is a viable technique for in-situ soil water content monitoring.
  • This method offers a novel approach to hydrological studies, particularly after rainfall events.
  • The findings were supported by simulation data, confirming the method's characteristics.