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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Published on: August 21, 2019

mRNA-based vaccine technology for HIV.

Andra Fortner^1,2, Octavian Bucur^2,3

¹Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Germany.

Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)

|November 28, 2022

Summary

Developing an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine remains challenging due to viral variability. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology, proven successful during the COVID-19 pandemic, shows promise for a new HIV vaccine strategy.

Keywords:

AIDS HIV antiretroviral therapy bNAbs mRNA.vaccine

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Last Updated: Aug 19, 2025

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Published on: August 13, 2021

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Vaccinology

Background:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes AIDS, leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths and over a million new infections annually.
Current antiretroviral therapy is costly and has adverse effects, limiting its global use.
Developing an effective HIV vaccine is difficult due to high viral variability, mutation rates, and incomplete understanding of protective mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathogenesis and treatment of HIV/AIDS.
To summarize past HIV vaccine development efforts.
To introduce messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines as a potential HIV vaccination strategy.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on HIV pathogenesis, treatment, and vaccine development.
Analysis of the application of mRNA vaccine technology to HIV.
Discussion of ongoing clinical trials for mRNA-based HIV vaccines.

Main Results:

Despite decades of research, successful HIV vaccine development has been limited.
mRNA vaccine technology has gained prominence following its success in combating COVID-19.
Several mRNA-based HIV vaccines are currently in clinical trials to assess their safety and efficacy.

Conclusions:

mRNA vaccines represent a promising new platform for HIV vaccine development.
This approach has the potential to overcome challenges posed by HIV's genetic variability.
Further research and clinical trials are crucial to realize the potential of mRNA HIV vaccines.