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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

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Published on: September 12, 2016
The role of type I IFN in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases with CNS involvement
Sylvia Raftopoulou1, Anna Rapti1, Dimitris Karathanasis2
1Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Abstract:
Type I interferons (IFNs) are major mediators of innate immunity, with well-known antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties. A growing body of evidence suggests the involvement of type I IFNs in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in the setting of chronic autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders, while IFN-β has been for years, a well-established therapeutic modality for multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present review, we summarize the current evidence on the mechanisms of type I IFN production by CNS cellular populations as well as its local effects on the CNS. Additionally, the beneficial effects of IFN-β in the pathophysiology of MS are discussed, along with the contributory role of type I IFNs in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus and type I interferonopathies.
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