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Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

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Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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Behaviorism01:28

Behaviorism

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The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Purposive Learning01:22

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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Spotlighting Customers' Visual Attention at the Stock, Shelf and Store Levels with the 3S Model
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Spotlighting Customers' Visual Attention at the Stock, Shelf and Store Levels with the 3S Model

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Expectation-based consumer purchase decisions: behavioral modeling and observations.

Justin Jia1, Jia Li2, Weixin Liu3

  • 1Haslam College of Business, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.

Marketing Letters
|November 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Consumers

Keywords:
Behavioral modelingConsumer expectationsConsumer purchase decisionsData analyticsExternal market conditionsMultiple-selves model

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Consumer Decision-Making
  • Intertemporal Choice Theory

Background:

  • Consumer purchase decisions are significantly influenced by expectations, particularly regarding future market conditions.
  • Understanding these expectations is crucial for modeling consumer behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and analyze a multiple-selves intertemporal choice model for expectation-based purchase decisions.
  • To incorporate behavioral factors like present-biased preferences into the model.
  • To explain heterogeneous consumer behavior in purchase decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a multiple-selves intertemporal choice model.
  • Incorporated behavioral factors such as present-biased preferences.
  • Applied the model to medical service consumption data during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Results:

  • Consumers employ a threshold perception-perfect strategy for purchase decisions.
  • Decision thresholds are determined by model parameters reflecting market condition expectations.
  • The model explains heterogeneous purchase decisions based on income and health insurance status.

Conclusions:

  • Expectations about future market conditions significantly shape consumer purchase decisions.
  • The developed model effectively explains observed heterogeneous consumer behavior, particularly in healthcare consumption.
  • Individual differences in expectations and preferences lead to varied purchasing patterns.