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Molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in tissue-specific metabolic modulation by SARS-CoV-2

Alef Aragão Carneiro Dos Santos1, Luiz Eduardo Rodrigues1, Amanda Lins Alecrim-Zeza1

  • 1Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|November 28, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes widespread metabolic disturbances and tissue dysfunction. This review explores the mechanisms, including inflammation and oxidative stress, underlying these COVID-19-related effects.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Metabolic Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, affects multiple organs beyond the lungs.
  • Metabolic disturbances are linked to COVID-19-induced cell damage and tissue injury.
  • The precise mechanisms driving these metabolic changes remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary metabolic disturbances observed in various SARS-CoV-2 target tissues.
  • To elucidate the potential mechanisms contributing to COVID-19-associated tissue dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on SARS-CoV-2 infection and its impact on host metabolism.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms including cytokine storm, oxidative stress, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system dysregulation.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to significant metabolic disturbances across multiple organ systems.
  • Key proposed mechanisms include elevated proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), induced oxidative stress, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system deregulation.
  • These factors collectively contribute to systemic inflammation and tissue injury.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic disturbances are a critical component of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies to mitigate organ damage.
  • Further research is needed to fully unravel the complex interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and host metabolism.
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2inflammationmetabolismoxidative stressrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

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