Direct conversion of carbon dioxide and steam into hydrocarbons and oxygenates using solid acid electrolysis cells

Electrolysis at intermediate temperatures (100-600°C) is promising because high reaction rates and high product selectivity can be achieved simultaneously during CO₂ reduction. However, intermediate temperature electrolysis has rarely been reported owing to electrolyte limitations. Here, solid acid electrolysis cells (SAECs) were adopted for electrochemically reducing CO₂. Carbon monoxide, methane, methanol, ethane, ethylene, ethanol, acetaldehyde and propylene were produced from CO₂ and steam, using Cu-containing composite cathodes at 220°C and atmospheric pressure. The results demonstrate the potential of SAECs for producing valuable chemical feedstocks. At the SAEC cathode, CO₂ was electrochemically reduced by protons and electrons. The product selectivity and reaction rate were considerably different from those of thermochemical reactions with gaseous hydrogen. Based on the differences, plausible reaction pathways were proposed.