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Retracted papers originating from paper mills: cross sectional study.

Cristina Candal-Pedreira1,2, Joseph S Ross3,4,5, Alberto Ruano-Ravina1,2,6

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Summary

Retracted paper mill publications are rising, with most originating from China and published in a few journals. New detection methods are crucial to combat this growing research misconduct.

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Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics
  • Research Integrity
  • Scientific Publishing

Background:

  • Paper mills are a growing source of fraudulent scientific publications.
  • Understanding the characteristics and impact of retracted papers from paper mills is essential for maintaining research integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize retracted papers originating from paper mills.
  • To analyze their publication trends, visibility, and impact over time.
  • To identify the journals publishing these fraudulent papers.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study utilizing the Retraction Watch database for paper mill retractions.
  • Web of Science data for total published papers and Journal Citation Reports for journal metrics.
  • Descriptive statistics to analyze trends, citations, and publication characteristics.

Main Results:

  • 1182 retracted paper mill papers were identified between 2004 and 2022.
  • These retractions increased significantly, comprising 21.8% of all retractions by 2021.
  • Most papers originated from Chinese institutions, were published in a few journals, and received a median of 11 citations.

Conclusions:

  • Retracted paper mill publications are an increasing problem in scientific research.
  • These papers predominantly originate from China and are concentrated in a limited number of journals.
  • Enhanced mechanisms are urgently needed to detect and prevent this form of academic misconduct.