Persistent drop in confidence following US recommended pause of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine administration

The Janssen COVID-19 vaccine came to market in February 2021 as the first non-mRNA and first single-dose formula approved for use in the US. In April 2021, a temporary pause was recommended for the vaccine after the discovery of rare but serious post-vaccination side-effects. We fielded a large-scale nationally representative survey (n = 401,398) on individual confidence in each of the COVID-19 vaccine formulas available in the US before, during, and after this pause. We find widespread loss of confidence in the Janssen vaccine across gender, age, and other demographics, which persisted over time and after lifting of the halt. Despite this drop, overall reasons for remaining unvaccinated were stable and there was a concurrent minor bump in confidence towards other vaccine formulas. This contrast between the persistent reduction in confidence in the Janssen vaccine and the apparent maintenance of the broader campaign's integrity, highlights the complex dynamics and downstream effects of the pause.