Obstructive sleep apnoea and sleep disorders in pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Sleep Medicine
• Respiratory Physiology

Background:

• Pregnancy involves significant physiological changes affecting respiratory function.
• Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses conditions like obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.
• Obesity is a known risk factor for SDB and is increasingly prevalent pre-pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the physiological changes during pregnancy that impact sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).
• To summarize current knowledge on the incidence and severity of SDB in pregnant individuals.
• To inform healthcare professionals and women about SDB risks during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of physiological changes during pregnancy.
• Synthesis of current research on sleep-disordered breathing in pregnancy.
• Analysis of the relationship between pregnancy, respiratory function, and SDB.

Main Results:

• Pregnancy-induced respiratory changes, especially in the third trimester, can exacerbate SDB.
• Increased incidence of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome is observed during pregnancy.
• Rising pre-pregnancy obesity rates are projected to increase SDB prevalence in pregnant populations.

Conclusions:

• Physiological adaptations during pregnancy predispose women to SDB.
• Screening for SDB should be considered in pregnant patients, particularly those with risk factors like obesity.
• Awareness of SDB is crucial for obstetricians, midwives, and other health professionals managing pregnant women.