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Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this...

Dialysis

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Published on: October 14, 2022

[Acute interventions-dialysis shunt recanalization].

Alexander Maßmann¹, Inga Hammer², Markus Ketteler^2,3

¹Diagnostische & Interventionelle Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus GmbH am Bosch Health Campus, Auerbachstr. 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Deutschland. alexander.massmann@rbk.de.

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)

|November 28, 2022

Summary

Maintaining hemodialysis fistula patency is crucial. Endovascular techniques, particularly drug-coated balloons, improve fistula function and longevity, reducing the need for repeat interventions.

Keywords:

Angioplasty Hemodialysis Renal insufficiency Shunt stenosis Thrombectomy

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Last Updated: Aug 19, 2025

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Published on: October 14, 2022

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A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

Published on: May 31, 2022

Area of Science:

Vascular Surgery
Interventional Radiology

Context:

Arteriovenous fistulas are essential for hemodialysis access.
Fistula dysfunction, often due to intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis, impacts patient outcomes.

Purpose:

To outline optimal endovascular strategies for hemodialysis fistula revision.
To emphasize the importance of an endovascular-first approach for shunt survival.

Summary:

Catheter-based thrombus removal is effective for initial recanalization.
Drug-coated balloon angioplasty is preferred for treating intimal hyperplasia, enhancing patency.
Stents/stent grafts and surgical revision are reserved for complex or refractory cases.

Impact:

Improved long-term patency and functionality of hemodialysis fistulas.
Reduced morbidity and mortality associated with hemodialysis access failure.
Enhanced quality of life for patients requiring regular hemodialysis.