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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Evolving concepts of host-pathobiont interactions in autoimmunity.

Márcia S Pereira1, Martin A Kriegel2

  • 1Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.

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The human microbiome influences autoimmune diseases. Gut microbes (pathobionts) can trigger disease by interacting with the immune system, offering new therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases are complex, multifactorial conditions influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • The human microbiome is increasingly recognized for its role in autoimmune disease development.
  • Understanding host-microbiota interactions is crucial for autoimmune disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding microbiota's role in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
  • To review the mechanisms by which gut microbes (pathobionts) influence immune responses.
  • To highlight the potential for novel therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on host-microbiota interactions in autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pathobiont-induced autoimmunity.
  • Examination of pathobiont translocation and immune activation pathways.

Main Results:

  • Pathobionts can evolve in autoimmune-prone hosts and translocate to lymphoid tissues.
  • Microbial metabolites and molecular mimicry (cross-reactivity with autoantigens) are key mechanisms.
  • Altered immune functions in non-gut tissues are triggered by pathobionts.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome plays a significant role in the multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • Specific microbial mechanisms, including translocation and metabolite secretion, drive autoimmune responses.
  • Targeting these microbial interactions may lead to new treatments for autoimmune disorders.