Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

2.7K
In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
2.7K
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

7.4K
The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
7.4K
The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

83.1K
Overview
83.1K
Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

3.1K
Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
3.1K
Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

3.9K
Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
3.9K
Integrins01:10

Integrins

4.1K
Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Histotripsy-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Liver Tumor Treatment: A Preliminary Report of 9 Cases.

Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR·2026
Same author

Nanofiber, Microfiber, or Hybrid: Which Architecture Excels in Soft Tissue Reinforcement and Constructive Regeneration?

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

4-aminopyridine-loaded topical gel for promoting skin regeneration in burn injuries.

Biomaterials·2026
Same author

Segmental Normalisation of Lumbar Lordosis Following Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Low-Grade Isthmic Spondylolisthesis.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Therapeutic Gases in Biomedicine: Updates on Nitric Oxide and Beyond.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Alveolar Bone Loss at Maxillary and Mandibular Permanent First Molars in Periodontitis Patients: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Microengineering 3D Collagen Hydrogels with Long-Range Fiber Alignment
07:12

Microengineering 3D Collagen Hydrogels with Long-Range Fiber Alignment

Published on: September 7, 2022

2.3K

Extracellular Matrix Secretion Mechanically Reinforces Interlocking Interfaces.

Alec McCarthy1, Navatha Shree Sharma1, Phil A Holubeck1

  • 1Department of Surgery - Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|November 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel interlocking biomaterial using electrostatic flocking. This bioinspired material enhances cell survival and tissue integration, offering new possibilities for modular tissue engineering and biomedical devices.

Keywords:
compression shieldingelectrostatic flockingextracellular matrixinterlocking interfacemechanical reinforcement

More Related Videos

Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification
09:11

Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification

Published on: February 19, 2015

11.0K
Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
08:49

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Microengineering 3D Collagen Hydrogels with Long-Range Fiber Alignment
07:12

Microengineering 3D Collagen Hydrogels with Long-Range Fiber Alignment

Published on: September 7, 2022

2.3K
Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification
09:11

Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification

Published on: February 19, 2015

11.0K
Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
08:49

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Bioinspired Engineering

Background:

  • Biological systems inspire innovative biomaterials for biomedical applications.
  • Reversibly interlocking biomaterials are crucial for modular tissue engineering and advanced interfaces.
  • Velcro serves as a prime example of a bioinspired interlocking device.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel biaxially interlocking interface using electrostatic flocking.
  • To investigate the mechanical properties of flocked scaffolds and optimize fiber parameters.
  • To evaluate the performance of interlocking scaffolds in supporting osteoblast viability and tissue integration.

Main Methods:

  • Electrostatic flocking was employed to create interlocking interfaces from polyamide and polylactic acid (PLA) fibers.
  • A high-throughput screen identified optimal fiber parameters (diameter, length) for scaffold properties.
  • Osteoblasts were seeded onto PLA scaffolds, which were then interlocked and subjected to mechanical testing.
  • Extracellular matrix deposition was analyzed for its effect on mechanical resistance.

Main Results:

  • The electrostatically flocked substrates formed a mechanically robust, reversible interlocking interface resistant to shear and compression.
  • Optimized PLA flocked scaffolds supported osteoblast viability, proliferation, and improved cell survivorship under compression.
  • The mechanical resistance (compression and shear) of cell-seeded interfaces increased with extracellular matrix deposition.

Conclusions:

  • Electrostatic flocking enables the creation of bioinspired, reversibly interlocking biomaterials with tunable mechanical properties.
  • These interlocking scaffolds enhance cell viability and mechanical resilience, demonstrating potential for tissue engineering.
  • Extracellular matrix-reinforced interfaces show promise for modular tissue engineering, tissue interface scaffolds, and biomedical friction couplers.