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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments01:11

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments

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The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin...
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The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells01:10

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Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Study of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Live Endothelial Cells Expressing GFP-Actin
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Study of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Live Endothelial Cells Expressing GFP-Actin

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Actin cytoskeleton in angiogenesis.

Nidhi Yadunandanan Nair1, Victor Samuel1, Lariza Ramesh1

  • 1Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014.

Biology Open
|November 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Actin cytoskeleton remodeling is crucial for endothelial cells during blood vessel formation (angiogenesis). This review explores unique endothelial actin structures and their roles in vascular morphogenesis and tissue-specific functions.

Keywords:
ActinAngiogenesisEndotheliumRhoGTPase

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Actin is a key intracellular protein regulating cell shape, polarity, and migration.
  • Angiogenesis involves endothelial cells acquiring new properties like polarity and motility.
  • Actin cytoskeleton dynamics are central to these endothelial cell transformations.

Conclusions:

  • Actin cytoskeleton is fundamental to endothelial cell functions during angiogenesis.
  • Endothelial actin structures support barrier integrity and leukocyte migration.
  • Tissue-specific variations in actin regulation may explain endothelial heterogeneity.