Biodegradable hydrogels with photodynamic antibacterial activity promote wound healing and mitigate scar formation

Bacterial proliferation and the disordered extracellular matrix (ECM) at the wound site are the major reasons for delayed healing and abnormal scarring. The development of new multifunctional dressing materials that can effectively prevent scar formation without delaying wound healing remains a challenge. In this study, we construct a verteporfin-loaded biodegradable hydrogel (VP-gel) using hyaluronic acid and thiol-terminated 4-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG). The injectable VP-gel sustainably releases small doses of verteporfin in the wound microenvironment that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under red light irradiation to kill bacteria efficiently. Importantly, the sustained release of VP could also regulate TGF-β family-induced cellular responses and the downstream signaling molecule Smad2 in fibroblasts to reduce myofibroblast differentiation, promoting ECM reconstruction and scarless wound healing. Immunohistochemical examination of wound healing and histomorphology in a mouse full-thickness wound model demonstrates excellent acceleration effects of VP-gel for infected wound healing. Therefore, VP-gel with anti-scarring and antibacterial activity, as well as enhanced infection wound healing ability shows great potential in the clinical treatment of scar healing for infected wounds.