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Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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From Fast Fluorescence Imaging to Molecular Diffusion Law on Live Cell Membranes in a Commercial Microscope
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Tracking Global and Local Changes in Membrane Fluidity Through Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microscopy.

Madeleine Humphrey1, Ireny Abdelmesseh Nekhala2, Kathi Scheinpflug3

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Summary

This study presents new methods to measure changes in cell membrane fluidity and lipid domains, crucial for understanding how membrane-targeting antimicrobials work. These protocols enable straightforward in vivo and in vitro analysis of antibiotic effects on membrane fluidity.

Keywords:
DiIC12Fatty acid disorderLaurdanLipid domainsLipid mutantsLipid packingMembrane fluidityMembrane microdomainsMembrane targeting antimicrobialsNile RedRIFs

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cell membrane fluidity is vital for cellular function and must be maintained within a specific range.
  • Disruptions in membrane fluidity can impair cell function and are implicated in antimicrobial mechanisms.
  • Analyzing antibiotic-induced changes in membrane fluidity has been challenging due to a lack of suitable analytical tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide expanded and alternative protocols for measuring changes in membrane fluidity.
  • To enable straightforward in vivo and in vitro assessment of how antimicrobial compounds affect membrane fluidity and microdomains.
  • To present useful strains for characterizing the lipid specificity of membrane antimicrobials in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Development and refinement of protocols for measuring membrane fluidity.
  • In vivo and in vitro experimental setups for analyzing antibiotic effects.
  • Utilization of specific bacterial strains for lipid specificity characterization.

Main Results:

  • Detailed protocols are provided for measuring both in vivo and in vitro changes in membrane fluidity.
  • The methods allow for straightforward analysis of antibiotic compound-triggered alterations in membrane fluidity and fluid membrane microdomains.
  • Useful strains for confirming lipid specificity of membrane antimicrobials are summarized.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocols facilitate the study of membrane fluidity dynamics in response to antimicrobial agents.
  • These advancements address the need for analytical tools to investigate the role of membrane fluidity in antimicrobial action.
  • The findings contribute to a better understanding of membrane-targeting antimicrobials and their mechanisms of action.