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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

26
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

26
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
26
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.7K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.7K
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

41
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Dyssynchronous Heart Failure: A Clinical Review.

Sean J Dikdan1, Michael Lawrenz Co1, Behzad B Pavri2

  • 1Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.

Current Cardiology Reports
|November 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dyssynchronous heart failure (HFd) occurs when heart chambers contract unevenly, often leading to heart failure. Correcting this dyssynchrony with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can significantly improve left ventricular function.

Keywords:
Chronic resynchronization therapyConduction system pacingDyssynchrony-mediated cardiomyopathyHis bundle pacingLeft bundle area pacingVentricular dyssynchrony

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Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Heart Failure Research
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Ventricular dyssynchrony, particularly affecting the left ventricle, is a significant factor in heart failure development and progression.
  • Dyssynchronous heart failure (HFd) is characterized by the potential for left ventricular recovery upon correction of the underlying dyssynchrony.
  • HFd is often refractory to conventional medical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the pathophysiology of dyssynchronous heart failure (HFd).
  • To provide clinical examples and discuss current treatment strategies for HFd.
  • To highlight HFd as a distinct etiology of heart failure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ventricular dyssynchrony and heart failure.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for HFd, including conventional biventricular pacing and conduction system pacing.
  • Discussion of the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of HFd.

Main Results:

  • Conventional biventricular pacing (BVP), a form of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), offers proven benefits in HFd but has a notable non-responder rate.
  • Emerging techniques like His bundle or left bundle branch area pacing show promise for correcting HFd.
  • HFd demonstrates a superior response to CRT compared to other heart failure etiologies.

Conclusions:

  • Dyssynchronous heart failure (HFd) should be recognized as a specific cause of heart failure.
  • Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is the most effective treatment for HFd.
  • Conduction system pacing represents a promising advancement in CRT for HFd.