Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Graded Potential01:19

Graded Potential

4.4K
Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
4.4K
Optimal Arousal Theory01:23

Optimal Arousal Theory

257
The optimal arousal theory suggests that performance is maximized when an individual experiences a moderate level of arousal. This theory is closely tied to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which illustrates an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance. The law, formulated by psychologists Robert Yerkes and John Dodson, implies an ideal arousal level for optimal performance, and deviations from this level can lead to declines in effectiveness.
Inverted U-Shaped Performance Curve
The...
257

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

DFT study of irradiation damage-defect correlations with mechanical properties in uranium nitride.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Biological pump regulation of antibiotic bioaccumulation in size-fractionated planktonic food webs.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Adaptive shifts in amygdala-hippocampal theta coupling govern aversive learning and extinction.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Dual-target gene therapy in Parkinson's disease: a multicenter phase 1 trial.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Posterior Subthalamic Area and the Subthalamic Nucleus in Tremor-Dominant Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Trial.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same author

Effect of high, low, and asymmetric frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.

Brain stimulation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.4K

Risk and aversion coding in human habenula high gamma activity.

Luis Manssuer1,2,3, Qiong Ding1,2,3, Yingying Zhang1,3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|November 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The human habenula responds to losses and rewards, showing its role in decision-making. High gamma activity in the habenula encodes risk and aversion, offering insights for treating psychiatric disorders.

Keywords:
DBSLFPaversionhabenulahigh-gammarisk

More Related Videos

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.2K
Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.4K
Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.2K
Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • The lateral habenula (LHb) is crucial for processing punishment and reward, influencing mood and behavior.
  • Its role in human value-based decision-making is unclear due to imaging limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate human habenula neural activity during value-based decision-making.
  • To bridge the gap between primate and human habenula function.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded local field potentials (LFPs) directly from the habenula in 12 patients undergoing deep brain stimulation.
  • Analyzed high-frequency gamma (60-240 Hz) activity during monetary reward and loss tasks.

Main Results:

  • Habenula gamma activity increased with losses and decreased with rewards.
  • Gamma activity encoded decision-making risk, with higher amplitude for high-risk choices.
  • Activity differences peaked 400-750 ms post-stimulus.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrates functional homologies between primate and human habenula.
  • Extends the habenula's role to human decision-making, revealing temporal dynamics.
  • Suggests potential for real-time deep brain stimulation optimization for psychiatric disorders.