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Circulating microbiota and metabolites: Insights into cardiovascular diseases
Ikram Khan1,2, Imran Khan3, Muhammad Usman4
1Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Insights
Cardiovascular diseases are linked to distinct blood bacterial profiles. An increased abundance of Proteobacteria in patients suggests a direct role in disease development, unlike Firmicutes found in healthy individuals.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Cardiology
- Metabolomics
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global mortality, accounting for 54% of all deaths.
- Emerging evidence links blood microbiota and circulating metabolites to non-communicable diseases, including CVDs, obesity, and diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between blood bacterial composition, microbial metabolites, and the etiology of cardiovascular disease.
- To explore the role of blood microbiota in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI/WOS, and Scopus up to August 2022.
- Studies were selected based on titles and abstracts, with full-text evaluation for relevance.
- Findings from included studies were independently assessed and reported.
Main Results:
- Significant differences were observed in the bacterial profiles of patients with cardiovascular diseases compared to healthy individuals.
- Patients with CVDs exhibited a higher abundance of the bacterial phylum Proteobacteria.
- Proteobacteria, particularly its component lipopolysaccharides, is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, while Firmicutes were prevalent in healthy subjects.
Conclusions:
- Blood bacterial composition and circulating microbial metabolites are associated with the etiology and onset of cardiovascular disease.
- The specific genera and species identified varied, indicating complexity in blood microbial communities.
- Further in-depth exploration of blood microbial community structure is required to fully understand its role in cardiovascular health and disease.
Background:
In almost every country, cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death, which are responsible for 17.7 million deaths worldwide, or 54% of all deaths. However, the latest evidence has shown that non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular events are significantly influenced by the blood microbiota and circulating metabolites.
Methods:
We searched online databases for the most recent related papers through the comprehensive international databases of the Institute of PubMed/ MEDLINE, ISI/WOS, and Scopus up to August 2022, using MESH terms and the related keywords in the English language. Considering the titles and abstracts, unrelated studies were excluded. The full texts of the remained studies were evaluated by authors, independently. Then, the studies' findings were assessed and reported.
Results:
The study demonstrated that the bacterial profiles of patients with cardiovascular diseases and healthy individuals are significantly different. The diseased patients showed a significantly high abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, an important Proteobacterial component known as lipopolysaccharides that has been linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, while phylum Firmicutes were found in healthy individuals. It suggests that Proteobacteria has a direct role in the onset of cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion:
We focused on the blood bacterial composition and circulating microbial metabolites in their relationship with the etiology and onset of cardiovascular disease. However, the various genera and species in the results reported were not always identical. Therefore, the microbial community structure of blood was more complicated and thus required a more in-depth exploration.
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