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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model
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Can a Wireless Full-HD Head Mounted Display System Improve Knee Arthroscopy Performance? - A Randomized Study Using a

Christian Fang1, Pinky Mo2, Holy Chan2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Surgical Innovation
|November 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display (AR-HMD) was slower than traditional TV monitors for simulated knee arthroscopy, but bead drop rates were comparable. Further HMD design improvements are recommended for surgical applications.

Keywords:
augmented realitybiomedical engineeringergonomics and/or human factors studyimage guided surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Surgical Technology
  • Medical Simulation

Background:

  • Evaluating prototype wireless full-HD Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display (AR-HMD) for simulated knee arthroscopy.
  • AR-HMD aims to reduce surgeon head turning and operating room clutter.
  • Comparison of AR-HMD versus traditional TV Monitors (TVM) for learning and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the performance and learning curve of surgeons and novices using an AR-HMD compared to TVM in simulated knee arthroscopy.
  • To evaluate the impact of device familiarity on procedure completion time and accuracy.
  • To determine if AR-HMD offers advantages over TVM in terms of efficiency and error reduction.

Main Methods:

  • 19 surgeons and 19 novices performed simulated loose-body retrieval procedures.
  • A cross-over study design compared AR-HMD and TVM in unfamiliar and familiarized phases.
  • Measured outcomes included time-to-completion and incidence of bead drops.

Main Results:

  • AR-HMD showed significantly longer mean time-to-completion than TVM in both unfamiliar (67% longer) and familiarized (48% longer) phases.
  • Device type and procedure repetitions were significant factors for faster completion times; experience was not.
  • Bead drop incidence was similar between AR-HMD and TVM in both phases.

Conclusions:

  • Conventional TVM remains superior for arthroscopic procedure performance.
  • AR-HMD can achieve similar quality levels to TVM with increased practice time.
  • Further research and design improvements for AR-HMD are recommended to leverage its theoretical advantages in surgery.