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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

579
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
579
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

301
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

383
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

328
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

95
Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
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Psychotherapy01:28

Psychotherapy

150
Psychotherapy is a versatile, nonmedical approach aimed at helping individuals address emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal issues to enhance their overall well-being. It can involve one-on-one sessions, couples counseling, or small group discussions with a therapist. The therapeutic process includes various techniques such as open discussion, interpretation of thoughts and behaviors, active listening, positive reinforcement, and role modeling. Psychotherapy aims to support individuals in...
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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

An Acupoint Catgut-embedding Therapy for Treating Obesity
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New therapies for obesity.

Dimitris Papamargaritis1, Carel W le Roux2,3, Jens J Holst4

  • 1Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester College of Medicine Biological Sciences and Psychology, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.

Cardiovascular Research
|November 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New obesity medications targeting appetite regulation, like GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual agonists, show promise for significant weight loss, potentially matching bariatric surgery outcomes.

Keywords:
Bariatric surgeryLiraglutideObesityPharmacotherapySemaglutideTirzepatide

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacotherapy
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Obesity is a chronic disease with significant health risks and mortality.
  • Lifestyle interventions yield modest weight loss due to adaptive metabolic changes.
  • Bariatric surgery offers substantial weight loss but is invasive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in obesity pharmacotherapy.
  • To highlight the efficacy of novel appetite-targeting medications.
  • To discuss the potential of combination therapies and multi-agonists.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on obesity treatments.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for semaglutide and tirzepatide.
  • Discussion of the role of gut hormones in appetite regulation.

Main Results:

  • Semaglutide 2.4 mg/week demonstrates significant weight loss in obesity.
  • Tirzepatide shows efficacy in both type 2 diabetes and obesity.
  • Combination therapies and multi-agonists may enhance weight loss outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacotherapy for obesity is entering a new era with high efficacy.
  • GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual agonists represent significant progress.
  • Future multi-agonist therapies may bridge the efficacy gap with bariatric surgery.