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Related Concept Videos

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Bacterial Signaling01:30

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Black Queen Hypothesis, partial privatization, and quorum sensing evolution.

Lucas Santana Souza1, Yasuhiko Irie2, Shigetoshi Eda3,4

  • 1Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.

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|November 30, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Partial privatization of microbial cooperative goods does not favor costly quorum sensing (QS). This suggests QS evolved when signaling molecules were a byproduct, not a costly trait, impacting microbial cooperation and specialization.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial evolution
  • Evolutionary game theory
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Microorganisms produce cooperative 'mixed' goods, benefiting both producers and non-producers.
  • The Black Queen Hypothesis predicts partial privatization favors producers and metabolic specialization.
  • Quorum sensing (QS) regulates mixed goods, but its evolution under privatization is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of partial privatization on the evolution of quorum sensing.
  • To model the conditions under which QS signaling and mixed good production evolve in microbial populations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mathematical population genetics model.
  • Simulated an unstructured microbial population with four distinct strains.
  • Analyzed constitutive and QS-dependent production of autoinducers and mixed goods.

Main Results:

  • Partial privatization does not favor QS when autoinducers are costly.
  • Costly autoinducers prevent the persistence of fully producing strains.
  • Metabolic specialization is not favored due to the inability of autoinducer-only and mixed-good-responder strains to coexist.

Conclusions:

  • Partial privatization may have favored primordial, costless QS (byproduct signaling).
  • It does not support the evolution of modern, costly QS systems.
  • This has implications for understanding the evolution of microbial cooperation and signaling.