2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl induced thyroid dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and are associated with thyroid diseases. Our previous study reported that 2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) could induce thyroid dysfunction and the rat thyroid tissues exhibit abnormal mitochondrial ultrastructure. However, the more specific effects of PCB118 on mitochondria and the relationship between mitochondria and thyroid dysfunction remain unclear. In this study, Wistar rats were injected with PCB118 intraperitoneally at 0, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/kg/d for 13 weeks and FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells were treated with PCB118 (0, 0.25, 2.5, and 25 nM) for 24 hr, which did not influence the general conditions of rats and FRTL-5 cells viability. The detection of serum levels of thyroid hormones (THs) and the expression of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) protein demonstrated that thyroid function was impaired after PCB118 exposure. Transmission electron microscopy showed mitochondrial damage in the thyroids of PCB118-treated rats. Biological processes analysis revealed that differentially expressed mRNAs in thyroid tissues induced by PCB118 were enriched in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic process, hydrogen peroxide metabolic process, and hydrogen peroxide catabolic process. Moreover, mRNA expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain genes NDUFB3, UQCRC2, COX17, ATP5I and ATP5E decreased in PCB118-treated groups. In vivo and in vitro data showed that ROS production increased significantly after PCB118 exposure, accompanied by increased levels of phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (P-JNK). Taken together, these results suggest that PCB118 could damage mitochondria by increasing oxidative stress and PCB118-induced thyroid dysfunction may be related to ROS-dependent activation of the JNK pathway.