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Kidney Structure

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Optimization of Renal Organoid and Organotypic Culture for Vascularization, Extended Development, and Improved Microscopy Imaging

Optimization of Renal Organoid and Organotypic Culture for Vascularization, Extended Development, and Improved Microscopy Imaging

Published on: March 28, 2020

Creating a kidney organoid-vasculature interaction model using a novel organ-on-chip system.

Amanda Bas-Cristóbal Menéndez^1,2, Z Du³, T P P van den Bosch⁴

¹Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. a.bas-cristobalmenendez@erasmusmc.nl.

Scientific Reports

|November 30, 2022

Summary

Researchers developed a novel microfluidic organ-on-chip system for in vitro vascularization of kidney organoids. This human-cell-derived model improves nutrient supply and offers new avenues for kidney disease research and drug testing.

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Last Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Optimization of Renal Organoid and Organotypic Culture for Vascularization, Extended Development, and Improved Microscopy Imaging

Optimization of Renal Organoid and Organotypic Culture for Vascularization, Extended Development, and Improved Microscopy Imaging

Published on: March 28, 2020

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Area of Science:

Stem Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine
Bioengineering

Background:

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived kidney organoids are vital for studying kidney development and disease.
Current limitations include poor vascularization, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply.
Previous vascularization methods relied on animal models, introducing non-human cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an in vitro, fully human-cell-derived model for kidney organoid vascularization.
To overcome the limitations of in vivo implantation and improve organoid function.
To create a platform for enhanced kidney research and drug screening.

Main Methods:

Utilized a microfluidic organ-on-chip system for culturing kidney organoids.
Co-cultured kidney organoids with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
Analyzed endothelial cell maturation and vessel formation using marker colocalization and morphological assessment.

Main Results:

The chip system successfully supported kidney organoid culture with visible nephron structures.
Organoids on chip exhibited enhanced endothelial cell maturation.
HUVECs migrated into the organoid, interconnected with endogenous endothelial cells, and formed lumen-containing vascular structures.

Conclusions:

Established the first in vitro vascularization of kidney organoids using a microfluidic chip and HUVEC co-culture.
The developed model provides insights into kidney organoid vascularization.
Presents a valuable tool for in vitro kidney development studies, disease modeling, and pre-clinical drug testing.