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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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Credible narrators and misinformed readers.

Kenneth J Houghton1, Rachel C Poirier2, Celia M Klin2

  • 1Psychology Department, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA. khoughton@ut.edu.

Memory & Cognition
|November 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Narrator credibility influences belief in fictional facts. Readers are more likely to accept misinformation from credible sources, impacting memory and belief formation.

Keywords:
Discourse processingInaccurate informationMemoryReadingText comprehension

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Media Psychology
  • Information Processing

Background:

  • Stories significantly shape reader beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge.
  • Understanding how readers evaluate factual claims within fictional narratives is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of narrator credibility on the encoding and recall of misinformation embedded in fictional stories.
  • To determine if source credibility influences the acceptance of factual and misleading information presented in narratives.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted where participants read fictional stories containing accurate facts and misleading information.
  • Stories were narrated by either a credible or a non-credible narrator.
  • Reader memory and belief in the presented information were assessed using free response general knowledge tests and speeded true-false tests.

Main Results:

  • Narrator credibility did not affect the memory for accurate information presented in the stories.
  • Readers were more prone to reproduce and affirm misinformation when it was conveyed by a credible narrator compared to a non-credible one.
  • Source credibility significantly influenced the acceptance and retention of false information.

Conclusions:

  • The credibility and perceived expertise of an information source are critical factors in shaping reader memory and belief.
  • Misinformation presented by credible sources within fictional narratives poses a significant risk for belief formation and knowledge acquisition.
  • Future research should explore mitigation strategies against the persuasive effects of credible misinformation in storytelling.