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Correlating Nasal Patency with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Obese Versus Non-Obese Patients: An Acoustic Rhinometry

Shiv Shankar Agarwal1, Sanjeev Datana1, N K Sahoo2

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Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|December 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Obesity significantly reduces nasal patency in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), even without obvious nasal obstruction. Acoustic Rhinometry (AR) can assess nasal changes in OSA patients.

Keywords:
Acoustic rhinometryNasal patencyObstructive Sleep Apnea

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder.
  • Nasal patency can influence OSA severity.
  • The impact of obesity on nasal patency in OSA patients requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate nasal patency with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in obese versus non-obese patients.
  • To evaluate nasal cross-sectional areas and volume using Acoustic Rhinometry (AR).

Main Methods:

  • Acoustic Rhinometry (AR) was used to measure nasal cross-sectional areas (CSA1, 2 & 3) and volume.
  • Patients were divided into three groups: non-obese without OSA, non-obese with OSA, and obese with OSA.
  • Age and gender matching were performed for all groups.

Main Results:

  • Obese patients with OSA (Group 3) showed significantly lower mean nasal cross-sectional areas and volume compared to non-obese patients (Groups 1 & 2).
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) positively correlated with Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) in OSA groups.
  • Nasal cross-sectional areas and volume inversely correlated with AHI in OSA groups.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity can compromise nasal patency in OSA patients, even without apparent nasal obstruction.
  • Reduced nasal lumen secondary to obesity may contribute to OSA severity.
  • AR is a valuable, non-invasive tool for assessing nasal patency in OSA patients before and after treatment.