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A Study to Assess the Effect of Non-asthmatic Allergic Rhinitis on Pulmonary Functions-A Prospective Case-control
Ahmed Jalwa1, Rohit Singh1, Rahul Magazine2
1Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India.
Insights
Allergic rhinitis patients show a higher probability of developing small airway obstruction, even with subclinical changes. Regular spirometry follow-ups are recommended for early detection and management of this condition.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Allergology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Allergic rhinitis is a prevalent global health issue often linked to asthma and other allergic conditions.
- Early onset of allergic rhinitis in childhood contributes to its global health burden.
- The association between allergic rhinitis and other allergic manifestations necessitates further investigation into its long-term respiratory implications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prognostic importance of spirometry in individuals with allergic rhinitis.
- To investigate the potential for small airway obstruction in patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis.
- To establish the utility of spirometry in identifying subclinical respiratory changes in allergic rhinitis.
Main Methods:
- A 2-year comparative study involving 63 cases (allergic rhinitis patients, SFAR score ≥7, age 20-55) and 63 controls (healthy individuals, SFAR score <7).
- Data collection included patient interviews and spirometry tests for cases, with retrospective spirometry data for controls.
- Statistical analysis compared spirometry parameters, specifically FEF25-75%, between the case and control groups.
Main Results:
- A statistically significant difference in Forced Expiratory Flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75%) was observed between cases and controls (p=0.00).
- This finding indicates a higher probability of developing small airway obstruction in subjects with allergic rhinitis.
- The study identified subclinical changes indicative of small airway obstruction in allergic rhinitis patients.
Conclusions:
- Allergic rhinitis is associated with an increased probability of developing small airway obstruction.
- Spirometry is a valuable tool for detecting subclinical respiratory changes in allergic rhinitis patients.
- Regular spirometry follow-up is crucial for managing allergic rhinitis and preventing progression of small airway disease.
Abstract:
Allergic rhinitis, beginning from childhood, is a global health problem. According to the literature, allergic rhinitis has been found association with asthma and other allergic manifestations. In this study we like to find out the significance and prognostic importance of spirometry in allergic rhinitis. The study was carried out over a period of 2 years, with 63 cases and controls each. Subjects in the age of 20-55 years with allergic rhinitis and SFAR score of > / = 7 were included as a case. Participants were interviewed and sent for spirometry. Controls were recruited from the retrospective data of healthy individuals with spirometry parameters done for health checkup. These controls had an SFAR score of < 7. All the data obtained were analyzed and compared between cases and controls. The mean age of the cases and controls were 33.17 ± 10.817 and 44.41 ± 7.4, respectively. Majority of cases and controls were males (60.3% and 57.1%). A statistically significant difference in FEF25-75% among cases and controls was noted (p = 0.00), thus proving probability of developing small airway obstruction in subjects with allergic rhinitis. Subjects with allergic rhinitis have a probability of developing small airway obstruction with subclinical changes, hence necessitating the need of regular follow-up.
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