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Low-dose aspirin can prevent up to 30% of preeclampsia cases. However, physician knowledge gaps and practice variations persist despite established guidelines for its use in high-risk pregnancies.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal mortality, with up to 60% of related deaths being preventable.
  • Low-dose aspirin has demonstrated efficacy in reducing preeclampsia incidence by up to 30% in at-risk populations.
  • Professional guidelines since 2014 recommend low-dose aspirin for preeclampsia risk reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess physician knowledge and current practices regarding low-dose aspirin for preeclampsia risk reduction.
  • To identify discrepancies between established guidelines and clinical application of aspirin prophylaxis.
  • To inform strategies for improving the uptake of evidence-based preeclampsia prevention.

Main Methods:

  • An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to prenatal care providers in the Rio Grande Valley, Texas.
  • The survey included 20 items covering physician demographics, practices, and knowledge of aspirin for preeclampsia.
  • Data were collected from 48 physicians, yielding a 55% response rate.

Main Results:

  • Over 90% of physicians reported recommending low-dose aspirin, with 98% correctly identifying the dose.
  • While 83% initiated aspirin between 12-16 weeks, only 52% continued it until delivery.
  • Approximately 80% recognized one high-risk factor as an indication, but only 56% identified two or more moderate risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Physician knowledge and practices regarding low-dose aspirin for preeclampsia show significant gaps despite existing guidelines.
  • Improved screening tools and targeted medical education are necessary to optimize aspirin use for prevention.
  • Enhancing adherence to guidelines is crucial for reducing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with preeclampsia.