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Predictive prognostic biomarkers in patients with COVID‑19 infection

Shunsuke Fukui1, Kohei Ikeda1, Mayu Kobayashi1

  • 1Department of General Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Mie 510‑8561, Japan.

Molecular Medicine Reports
|December 1, 2022
PubMed

Insights

C-reactive protein (CRP), presepsin (PSP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can predict prognosis in non-severe COVID-19 patients. No biomarkers reliably predicted outcomes in severe COVID-19 cases.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Identifying reliable biomarkers for predicting disease progression is crucial for patient management.
  • Distinguishing between non-severe and severe COVID-19 cases aids in therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify laboratory biomarkers that predict deterioration in COVID-19 patients.
  • To evaluate the prognostic value of various biomarkers in different COVID-19 severity groups.
  • To determine predictors of improvement versus deterioration in non-severe COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 201 COVID-19 patients was classified into non-severe (n=125) and severe (n=76) groups.
  • Laboratory biomarker levels (including Neutrophil count, AST, LDH, CRP, KL-6, PCT, PSP, D-dimer, lymphocyte, and platelet counts) were analyzed.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and multivariate analysis were employed to assess biomarker utility.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophil count, AST, LDH, CRP, KL-6, PCT, PSP, and D-dimer were elevated in the non-severe group compared to the severe group.
  • Lymphocyte and platelet counts were lower in the non-severe group versus the severe group.
  • In non-severe cases, CRP, PSP, AST, and LDH were identified as useful predictors of prognosis via ROC analysis. CRP was a significant independent prognostic factor (OR, 41.45; P<0.001). No biomarkers predicted outcomes in severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • Several blood markers significantly correlate with COVID-19 disease severity.
  • CRP, PSP, LDH, and AST are reliable prognostic markers for non-severe COVID-19 patients.
  • No specific blood biomarkers were found to predict outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19.

Keywords:
biomarkercoronavirus disease 2019prognosisrisk factor

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