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Embryo mortality in a captive-bred, Critically Endangered amphibian.

M J Davidson1, R Bushell, R Ploeg

  • 1Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
|December 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Fungal infections and deformities cause high embryonic mortality in captive southern corroboree frogs. Identifying these causes is crucial for improving conservation breeding programs and reintroduction success.

Keywords:
Assurance colonyDeformitiesFungiInfectionPseudophryne corroboreeSouthern Corroboree frog

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Area of Science:

  • Amphibian conservation biology
  • Veterinary pathology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The critically endangered southern corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree) relies on captive assurance colonies for survival.
  • High embryonic mortality (40-90%) in captive breeding programs hinders conservation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the causes of embryonic mortality in captive southern corroboree frogs.
  • Determine the impact of infections and anatomical deformities on embryo survival.

Main Methods:

  • Examined 108 abnormal embryos from Melbourne Zoo's 2021 breeding season.
  • Utilized culture and molecular methods (Sanger sequencing of ITS region) for microbial identification.
  • Assessed fungal growth patterns and presence of anatomical deformities.

Main Results:

  • 100% of abnormal embryos exhibited fungal infections.
  • 41.6% of infected embryos also had anatomical deformities.
  • Identified fungal genera Ilyonectria (new vertebrate host record) and Plectosphaerella (new embryo infection record).
  • Dominant bacteria genera: Herbaspirillum and Flavobacterium (role in mortality unknown).
  • No significant difference in survival based on fungal growth patterns or deformities.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal infections and deformities significantly impact captive southern corroboree frog embryo survival.
  • Understanding and mitigating embryonic mortality is vital for successful conservation breeding and reintroduction.