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The Impact of Co-Morbidities on the Pattern of Blood Pressure Control in Elderly Hypertensives in Nigeria
C N Ugwu1, C I Okafor2, E C Ejim2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Insights
Poor blood pressure control is common in elderly hypertensive patients, with high rates of cardiometabolic risk factors like dyslipidemia and obesity. Addressing these factors is key to improving hypertension management in older adults.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Cardiology
- Metabolic Syndrome
Background:
- Elderly hypertensive patients frequently exhibit a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and associated comorbidities.
- Understanding these risk factors is crucial for effective hypertension management in the aging population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and blood pressure control in elderly hypertensive patients.
- To investigate the influence of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors on hypertension control in this demographic.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based case-control study involving 100 hypertensive elderly patients and 90 normotensive controls.
- Data collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires and standard clinical measurements including blood pressure, anthropometrics, and lipid profiles.
Main Results:
- Poor hypertension control was observed in 68% of elderly hypertensive patients.
- Hypertensive subjects showed significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (76%), diabetes mellitus (40%), obesity (24%), and excess alcohol intake (49%) compared to controls.
- Dyslipidemia and central obesity were identified as predictors of poor blood pressure control.
Conclusions:
- Hypertension control remains a significant challenge in the elderly population.
- Prevalent modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly dyslipidemia and central obesity, are associated with poor blood pressure control.
- Targeting these specific risk factors holds promise for improving hypertension management outcomes in elderly individuals.
Introduction:
The elderly hypertensive patients often have increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and their attendant co-morbidities. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and blood pressure control among elderly hypertensive patients, and to determine the influence of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors on the control of hypertension among elderly hypertensive patients.
Subjects And Methods:
A case-control comparative and hospitalbased study involving a total of 190 consenting elderly (>65 years), hypertensive patients (subjects) (n=100) and normotensive controls (n=90) was carried out over a period of ten months. Using interviewer-administered questionnaire, biodata and information regarding their lifestyle was obtained. Standard protocols were used to measure blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose and fasting lipid profile of the subjects. Body mass index was derived from weight and height.
Results:
The mean age of the subjects was 71.5 ± 6.3 years and the controls was 72.3 ± 7.2 years. Forty-eight percent (48%) and 47.8% of the subjects and controls were females (p = 0.651). The level of control of hypertension was poor in over two-thirds (68%) of the elderly hypertensive patients. The prevalence of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors burden was higher in the hypertensive subjects when compared with the controls. Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia was 76% in the subjects and 51% in the controls (p = 0.004). Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 40% among the subjects and 17.8% in the controls (p = 0.0001); prevalence of Obesity was 24% in the subjects and 4.4% in the controls (p=<0.001); prevalence of excess alcohol intake was 49% in the subjects and 14.4% in the controls (p=<0.001). Prevalence of sedentary life style was high in both the subjects (53%) and controls (50%), p=0.679. Poor blood pressure control was predicted by dyslipidaemia and central obesity.
Conclusion:
The level of control of hypertension was poor among the elderly and modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors were relatively prevalent. Central obesity and dyslipidaemia were predictive of poor control of hypertension. Addressing these factors may therefore improve blood pressure control.
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