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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence
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Noncoding RNAs: Novel Targets for Opioid Tolerance.

Meiling Deng1,2, Wangyuan Zou1,3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.

Current Neuropharmacology
|December 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opioid tolerance, a major challenge in pain management, leads to withdrawal and side effects. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in opioid tolerance and potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Noncoding RNAchronic paincircRNAlong noncoding RNAmicroRNAopioid tolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Chronic pain is a global health issue, with opioids as primary analgesics.
  • Opioid tolerance from long-term use causes withdrawal, side effects, and mortality, creating a significant burden.
  • Current treatments for opioid tolerance are ineffective, necessitating research into underlying mechanisms.

Approach:

  • This review summarizes current evidence on the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in opioid tolerance.
  • Investigates the mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate physiological and pathological processes.
  • Highlights the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for opioid tolerance.

Key Points:

  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression involved in various cellular processes.
  • Emerging research links ncRNAs to the development of opioid tolerance.
  • ncRNAs mediate key processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcription, and signal transduction.

Conclusions:

  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a significant role in the development of opioid tolerance.
  • ncRNAs represent promising novel targets for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat opioid tolerance.