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[Adenocarcinoma of the paranasal sinuses in sheep: First case description in Morocco]
Z Zouagui1, H Ait Lbacha2, A Khoumiri3
1Unité de pathologie médicale et chirurgicale des ruminants, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Maroc.
Introduction:
Small ruminant sinus adenocarcinoma (ENA) is a contagious disease caused by a beta retrovirus called Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus or ENTV. The first cases were sporadically diagnosed in Morocco in 2018. However, in the last two years, ENTV has appeared enzootic in three herds of the Sardi breed. The annual incidence varied between 5 and 20 %. Most cases involved female animals aged 15 to 42 months. The disease developed within 2 to a maximum of 6 months. Diseased animals presented with progressive weight loss and increased mortality or needed to be slaughtered. The condition associated mainly with unilateral skull deformation, serous or seromucous nasal discharge with dyspnea, and in some individuals an exophthalmos. During pathology tumor-like masses were found in the paranasal sinuses, which showed the growth of an expansive and organized epithelial neoplasm on histopathology. After an overview of the differential diagnoses that can lead to confusion with ANE, the authors investigate why the disease occurs more frequently in Morocco and particularly in the Sardi breed.
Insights
Small ruminant sinus adenocarcinoma, caused by Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus (ENTV), is increasingly prevalent in Moroccan Sardi sheep herds. This contagious disease causes significant weight loss, respiratory issues, and skull deformation, leading to increased mortality.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Oncology
- Virology
Background:
- Small ruminant sinus adenocarcinoma (ENA) is a contagious disease caused by the Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus (ENTV).
- First diagnosed sporadically in Morocco in 2018, ENTV has become enzootic in three Sardi sheep herds.
- Annual incidence ranges from 5-20%, primarily affecting female sheep aged 15-42 months.
Observation:
- The disease progresses within 2-6 months, presenting with progressive weight loss and increased mortality.
- Clinical signs include unilateral skull deformation, nasal discharge, dyspnea, and exophthalmos.
- Histopathology reveals expansive, organized epithelial neoplasms in the paranasal sinuses.
Findings:
- ENTV has emerged as an enzootic threat in Moroccan Sardi sheep populations.
- The study investigates the higher prevalence of ENTV in Morocco and specifically within the Sardi breed.
- Differential diagnoses for conditions mimicking ENA are also reviewed.
Implications:
- Understanding the specific factors contributing to ENTV's prevalence in Morocco and the Sardi breed is crucial for disease control.
- This research aids in differentiating ENA from other conditions causing similar clinical signs in small ruminants.
- Further investigation into the enzootic nature of ENTV can inform targeted prevention and management strategies.
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