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Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) offer a versatile platform for multifunctional materials, easily assembled and regenerated. Their tunable porosity enables diverse applications in gas separation, storage, drug delivery, and sensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are emerging multifunctional materials assembled from organic molecules via hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions.
  • Compared to zeolites, MOFs, and COFs, HOFs are less stable due to weaker hydrogen bonds but offer easier recovery and regeneration.
  • HOFs exhibit flexibility, allowing tunable porosity for various applications, and are compatible with biomolecules for potential biomedical uses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the development and diverse applications of porous Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs).
  • To showcase the construction of HOFs using various organic functional groups and their systematic pore tuning.
  • To highlight HOFs' potential in gas separations, enantioselective separations, sensing, and optical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Self-assembly of organic molecules with functional sites like carboxylic acid, amine, aldehyde, and cyano groups to form HOFs.
  • Systematic tuning of pore sizes and introduction of specific binding sites within the HOF framework.
  • Utilizing framework flexibility and directional hydrogen bonding for controlled porosity and material properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully constructed porous HOFs using diverse organic building blocks, including 2,4-diaminotriazine (DAT), carboxylic acid (COOH), aldehyde (CHO), and cyano (CN).
  • Achieved selective gas separations for various industrially relevant gas pairs (e.g., C2H2/C2H4, CO2/N2, Xe/Kr) and enantioselective separation of alcohols.
  • Developed HOF materials for luminescent sensing and optical lasing applications using optically active organic molecules.

Conclusions:

  • HOFs represent a promising class of porous materials with tunable properties and diverse applications.
  • The weak and reversible nature of hydrogen bonds in HOFs allows for facile processing, regeneration, and flexible framework design.
  • Ongoing research in HOFs is expected to yield novel materials with unprecedented functionalities beyond current imagination.