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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing software clones is crucial for maintenance. This study reveals that few code clones are refactored, and these refactorings are often inconsistent, sometimes leading to clone removal.

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Area of Science:

  • Software Engineering
  • Software Maintenance
  • Empirical Software Engineering

Background:

  • Software cloning, the presence of duplicated code, is often viewed as detrimental to software maintainability.
  • Effective management of software clones requires understanding their historical evolution and refactoring patterns.
  • Analyzing past refactorings provides insights for future clone management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a longitudinal study on the evolution of code clone refactorings across multiple software versions.
  • To formally define and analyze clone evolution patterns using a defined notation.
  • To identify common reasons behind inconsistent refactorings and clone removal.

Main Methods:

  • Performed a longitudinal study on five software systems, analyzing refactorings applied to code clones across their versions.
  • Defined formal notation for clone evolution patterns to systematically study refactoring evolution.
  • Analyzed the source code of refactored clones to understand the reasons for refactoring inconsistencies and removals.

Main Results:

  • A small fraction of code clones undergo refactoring between software versions.
  • Most refactorings applied to clones are inconsistent within their respective clone classes.
  • Clone refactorings can lead to the removal of code clones.
  • Consistent reasons for inconsistent refactorings and clone removal were observed across five Java systems.

Conclusions:

  • Software clone refactoring is infrequent and often inconsistent, posing challenges for effective management.
  • Understanding clone refactoring evolution is essential for developing better software maintenance and clone management tools.
  • The findings provide a foundation for creating strategies and tools to improve the management of software clones and their refactorings.