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Educational Attainment and Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.
Robert French1, Dylan Kneale2, Justin T Warner3
1Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, U.K.
Diabetes Care
|December 1, 2022
Summary
Type 1 diabetes diagnosis in children does not impact educational attainment or higher education entry. However, glycemic control, measured by HbA1c levels, is linked to academic success, potentially due to shared socioeconomic factors.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Educational Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires lifelong management, impacting various life aspects.
- Understanding T1D's effect on education is crucial for support and policy.
- Glycemic control (HbA1c) is a key indicator of diabetes management effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between T1D diagnosis and educational outcomes in children.
- To examine the relationship between glycemic management (HbA1c levels) and educational attainment.
- To assess the impact of T1D on school absences and higher education participation.
Main Methods:
- A record linkage study in Wales (2009-2016) connected school and higher education data with national diabetes audits.
- Included eight academic cohorts comprising 263,426 children without diabetes and 1,212 with T1D.
- Analyzed educational attainment (age 16), higher education entry (age ≥18), and school absences (ages 6-16).
Main Results:
- No significant association was found between T1D diagnosis and educational attainment or higher education entry.
- Children with T1D experienced significantly more school absences annually (nine sessions).
- Educational attainment varied significantly by HbA1c levels, with optimal control linked to better outcomes and suboptimal control to worse outcomes.
Conclusions:
- T1D diagnosis alone is not linked to poorer educational outcomes or reduced higher education access.
- Glycemic control (HbA1c) is a significant factor influencing educational attainment in children with T1D.
- Unobserved shared factors (personal, familial, socioeconomic) may influence both glycemic self-management and educational success.
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