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Summary

The term "confederate" in simulation research may harm learner psychological safety. This study found its use increased from 2000-2021, advocating for alternative terms to ensure a safe learning environment.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Healthcare Simulation
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • The term "confederate" is frequently used in research to denote an individual allied with the research team.
  • In simulation research, "confederate" describes participants working with the simulation facilitator.
  • The term carries historical connotations of the Confederate States of America, racial injustice, and slavery, potentially impacting learner psychological safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of the term "confederate" in health care simulation literature.
  • To analyze trends in the use of this term over time.
  • To advocate for the adoption of alternative terminology to enhance learner psychological safety.

Main Methods:

  • A rapid review of health care simulation literature was conducted.
  • The review covered articles published between 2000 and 2021.
  • The frequency and trend of the term "confederate" were quantified.

Main Results:

  • The term "confederate" was identified 2,635 times across 765 articles between 2000 and 2021.
  • An increasing trend in the usage of the term "confederate" was observed.
  • The continued use of "confederate" may stem from its prevalence in the literature.

Conclusions:

  • The use of "confederate" in simulation research poses a risk to the psychological safety of learners.
  • Alternative terminology should be adopted to create a more inclusive and safe learning environment.
  • Addressing the terminology used in simulation research is crucial for effective medical education.