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Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems
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Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

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Up/Down Tuning of Poly(ionic liquid)s in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems.

Yuntao Tang1, Yige Zhang1, Xi Chen1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) using stimuli-responsive poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs). These systems exhibit reversible phase separation and tunable properties for advanced material applications.

Keywords:
Aqueous Two-Phase SystemPhase MigrationPhoto-ResponsePoly(Ionic Liquid)Thermo-Response

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) are crucial for bioseparations.
  • Stimuli-responsive polymers offer tunable phase behavior.
  • Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) present unique properties for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel stimuli-responsive ATPSs using modified poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs).
  • To investigate the thermal and UV-induced phase behavior of these novel ATPSs.
  • To establish a versatile platform for smart separation systems.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ATPSs using azobenzene (Azo)- and benzyl (Bn)-modified PILs.
  • Tuning phase behavior via grafting degree (GD) of Azo and Bn groups.
  • Investigating thermal and UV-induced phase transitions through experiments and simulations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved thermally induced reversible up/down migration of PILs in ATPSs.
  • Demonstrated tunable phase separation based on grafting degree and temperature (>65°C).
  • Realized reversible two-phase/single-phase transition under UV irradiation.

Conclusions:

  • The hydration capacity difference between Bn-PIL and Azo-PIL drives the unique phase-separation behavior.
  • Developed a versatile platform for ATPSs with tunable stimuli-responsive properties.
  • Findings broaden applications in smart separation systems and functional material development.