Dynamic changes in myeloid-derived suppressor cells during the menstrual cycle: A pilot study.

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Reproductive Biology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known for their role in pathological inflammation.
• Their function under normal physiological conditions, particularly in the female reproductive cycle, is less understood.
• MDSC accumulation is crucial for creating an anti-inflammatory environment essential for embryo implantation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the dynamic changes in MDSC-like cell composition and function throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women.
• To explore the association between MDSCs and specific phases: menstrual period (MP) and ovulation period (OP).
• To understand the physiological roles of MDSCs in normal reproductive processes.

Main Methods:

• Monitoring MDSC-like cell ratios and activity (e.g., Arg-1) in peripheral blood samples.
• Correlating MDSC levels with menstrual cycle phases (MP and OP).
• Analyzing correlations between MDSC-like cells, lymphocytes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cycle stage.

Main Results:

• MDSC-like cell ratios were elevated during the menstrual period (MP).
• Arginase-1 (Arg-1) activity was higher during the ovulation period (OP).
• A negative correlation was observed between MDSC-like cells and lymphocytes, and a positive correlation with PGE2.

Conclusions:

• MDSC-like cells exhibit regular, cycle-stage-specific changes in peripheral blood.
• MDSCs may play a dual role: promoting endometrial repair during menstruation and supporting pregnancy during ovulation.
• These findings contribute to understanding pregnancy complications and improving perinatal outcomes.