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Neuroimaging in schizophrenia: A review article.

Mona Dabiri1, Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi2, Kun Yang3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|December 2, 2022
PubMed
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Brain imaging in schizophrenia reveals global volume loss and altered functional connectivity. Findings show reduced gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid changes, with functional studies indicating hypoactivation and disconnection, varying with symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Radiology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia imaging aims to exclude other conditions and identify characteristic brain changes.
  • Existing literature presents varied findings due to uncontrolled variables like age, gender, and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review and summarize multimodality imaging findings in schizophrenia.
  • To examine the impact of schizophrenia subtypes and therapies on imaging results.

Main Methods:

  • Review of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI - morphologic, fMRI, MRS, DTI), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) literature.
  • Analysis of imaging findings in both untreated and treated schizophrenia patients.

Main Results:

Keywords:
DTIMRIPETfunctional imagingpsychiatrypsychosisschizophrenia

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  • Consistent findings include global brain volume loss, increased cerebrospinal fluid, and decreased gray matter, influenced by disease duration and medication.
  • Functional imaging (PET, fMRI, MEG) generally shows hypoactivation and inter-regional disconnection, varying with symptom presentation (positive/negative).
  • MR spectroscopy indicates neuronal loss (low N-acetylaspartate) and altered neurotransmitter levels (glutamine, glutathione).

Conclusions:

  • Multimodality imaging reveals structural and functional brain alterations in schizophrenia.
  • Therapies like TMS may influence imaging findings.
  • Challenges in interpreting imaging data persist due to heterogeneity in patient populations and study designs.