Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transduction01:16

Transduction

69
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
69
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.7K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.7K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

6.1K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
6.1K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

729
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
729
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

16.0K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
16.0K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

5.5K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
5.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mapping the Regulatory Landscape of Sheep Pituitary Gland Associated With Puberty at Single-Cell Resolution.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same author

Comparative Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas Reveals the Genetic Regulation of Reproductive Traits.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Overview of immune checkpoint inhibitor associated myocarditis mechanisms diagnostics and treatment.

Frontiers in immunology·2025
Same author

Phosphodiesterase 1A overexpression contributes to the progression of renal fibrosis.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2025
Same author

Integrative single-cell transcriptomics of sheep ovarian development reveals dynamic transcriptional programs relevant to reproductive traits.

iScience·2025
Same author

Chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic profiles of sheep pituitary function associated with fecundity.

BMC genomics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing
08:59

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: January 12, 2021

8.3K

Comparative immune-relevant transcriptome reveals the evolutionary basis of complex traits.

Wenjing Yang1, Jian Yu1, Yuelin Yao2

  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Iscience
|December 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Comparing immune tissue transcriptomes across species reveals conserved gene expression. These conserved genes are linked to higher heritability of complex traits, aiding in understanding trait and disease genetics.

Keywords:
Biological sciencesbioinformaticsphylogeneticstranscriptomics

More Related Videos

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
10:08

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

17.3K
High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions
14:58

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: March 5, 2022

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 19, 2025

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing
08:59

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: January 12, 2021

8.3K
Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
10:08

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

17.3K
High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions
14:58

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: March 5, 2022

4.4K

Area of Science:

  • Comparative genomics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Understanding the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases requires insights into gene expression patterns.
  • Comparative analysis of transcriptomes across species can illuminate conserved biological mechanisms and evolutionary trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically compare immune tissue gene expression profiles across multiple species.
  • To investigate the relationship between conserved gene expression and the heritability of complex traits.
  • To assess the utility of multi-species transcriptome comparisons for understanding trait and disease genetics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 386 RNA sequencing samples from humans, mice, pigs, cattle, sheep, and chickens.
  • Systematic comparison of gene expression in 10 immune-relevant tissues.
  • Integration of transcriptome data with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) data.

Main Results:

  • Gene expression of orthologous genes was generally conserved within corresponding tissues across species.
  • Transcriptionally conserved genes showed significant enrichment for heritability of complex traits compared to species-specific genes.
  • Multi-species transcriptome comparison provides valuable insights into the genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Comparative transcriptome analysis of immune tissues advances knowledge of transcriptome evolution.
  • Conserved gene expression patterns are key indicators for the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases.
  • Multi-species approaches are powerful tools for dissecting the genetic underpinnings of health and disease.