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Related Concept Videos

Hot Weather Concreting01:20

Hot Weather Concreting

114
Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...
114
Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

126
When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
126
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

216
Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
216
Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

110
This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
110
Shrinkage in Concrete01:27

Shrinkage in Concrete

146
Shrinkage in concrete is primarily due to water loss from evaporation, hydration of cement, or carbonation, leading to a reduction in volume. The volumetric contraction results in volumetric strain in concrete. However, in practice, shrinkage is measured as linear strain, which is one-third of the volumetric strain.
When concrete is still in its plastic state, it can undergo a decrease in volume by about 1% of its absolute volume. This decrease is known as plastic shrinkage. It arises either...
146
Cold Weather Concreting01:27

Cold Weather Concreting

107
When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...
107

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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation
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Pre-Heating of Low-Shrinkage Composite Resins: Effects on Color Stability and Surface Roughness.

Parnian Alizadeh Oskoee1, Siavash Savadi Oskoee2, Fatemeh Pournaghi-Azar2

  • 1Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Frontiers in Dentistry
|December 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Preheating silorane-based composite resin did not significantly affect color stability but increased surface roughness. Discoloration was noted after preheating, impacting dental restoration aesthetics.

Keywords:
ColorComposite ResinsFiltek LS Low Shrink ResinHeating

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Composite resins are widely used in dental restorations.
  • Silorane-based composites offer unique properties but their behavior under different conditions requires investigation.
  • Color stability and surface roughness are critical factors for the longevity and aesthetics of dental restorations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of preheating on the color stability (ΔE) and surface roughness of a silorane-based composite resin (Filtek P90).
  • To compare the outcomes between preheated and non-preheated composite resin samples.
  • To analyze the relationship between surface roughness and color change.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 44 Filtek P90 composite resin disks (10mm×1mm).
  • Division into two groups: one preheated (55–60°C water bath) and one control.
  • Measurement of surface roughness and color parameters (ΔE) before and after storage in distilled water and tea solution.
  • Statistical analysis using independent sample t-test and regression analysis (P<0.05).

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in mean ΔE values (color stability) between preheated and non-preheated groups (P=0.4).
  • A significant difference in mean surface roughness was observed between the groups (P=0.01).
  • Regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between groups for surface roughness and ΔE (preheated: r² = 0.73; non-preheated: r²= 0.76).

Conclusions:

  • Preheating Filtek P90 silorane-based composite resin did not significantly alter color stability but did increase surface roughness.
  • Both preheated and non-preheated conditions resulted in ΔE > 3.3 and surface roughness > 0.2µ.
  • Discoloration increased following preheating, suggesting potential aesthetic compromise in dental restorations.