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Related Concept Videos

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Fabrication of Schottky Diodes on Zn-polar BeMgZnO/ZnO Heterostructure Grown by Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy
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Monolayer Thiol Engineered Covalent Interface toward Stable Zinc Metal Anode.

Shiqiang Wei1, Zheng-Hang Qi1, Yujian Xia1

  • 1National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China.

ACS Nano
|December 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Interface engineering using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) significantly enhances zinc metal anode stability. This molecular-level strategy suppresses dendrite growth and side reactions, enabling long-term, stable battery performance.

Keywords:
aqueous electrolytescovalent interfacedendrite-freeprotective coatingself-assembled monolayerszinc metal anodes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Zinc metal anodes suffer from instability due to dendrite growth and side reactions.
  • Existing protective coatings face challenges with low affinity and added weight.
  • Interface engineering is crucial for improving zinc anode performance in aqueous electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable interface for zinc metal anodes using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs).
  • To investigate the selective grafting of thiol molecules onto unstable zinc crystal facets.
  • To enhance uniform Zn2+ deposition and suppress side reactions for improved anode stability.

Main Methods:

  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations to guide interface design.
  • Selective construction of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on zinc metal anodes.
  • In situ optical visualization and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) for performance analysis.

Main Results:

  • Thiol molecules selectively grafted onto unstable zinc facets via strong Zn-S interactions, forming a covalent interface.
  • Engineered interface enabled uniform Zn2+ deposition, particularly on (002) crystal facets.
  • Achieved dendrite-free anodes with suppressed side reactions, demonstrating 4000 hours of stable plating/stripping and 87.2% capacity retention after 3300 cycles in full batteries.

Conclusions:

  • Self-assembled monolayers provide an effective molecular-level strategy for stabilizing zinc metal anodes.
  • Selective capping of unstable crystal facets with inert molecules is a promising design approach.
  • This work offers a pathway towards ultrastable aqueous zinc batteries.