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Comprehensive Investigations Relationship Between Viral Infections and Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis

Somayeh Sedighi1, Omid Gholizadeh2,3, Saman Yasamineh3

  • 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Science of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

Current Microbiology
|December 2, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Viral infections like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. This study reviews viruses impacting MS and discusses prevention strategies, including for EBV.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Virology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation.
  • The etiology of MS involves genetic and environmental factors, with viral infections being significant triggers.
  • Viruses implicated in MS progression include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), and others, known for latency and CNS tropism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of viral infections in the pathogenesis and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To detail specific viruses that can alter MS disease risk and progression.
  • To review recent findings on SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with the immune system in MS, and discuss preventative strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on viral infections and their impact on MS.
  • Analysis of recent articles concerning SARS-CoV-2 and its immunological interactions in MS.
  • Synthesis of information on viruses like EBV and their role in triggering MS.

Main Results:

  • Several viruses, including EBV, HHV-6, HERV, CMV, and VZV, are associated with MS.
  • These viruses exhibit latency and tropism for CNS and immune cells, contributing to neuroinflammation.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the immune system's interaction with SARS-CoV-2 in the context of MS.

Conclusions:

  • Viral infections are critical environmental factors influencing MS susceptibility and progression.
  • Understanding viral mechanisms in MS is crucial for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Preventative measures against key viruses like EBV are important for mitigating MS risk.

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