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Related Concept Videos

The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
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Membrane Transporters01:31

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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
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Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes
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The human LAT1-4F2hc (SLC7A5-SLC3A2) transporter complex: Physiological and pathophysiological implications.

Jennifer Kahlhofer1, David Teis1

  • 1Institute for Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
|December 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The LAT1-4F2hc amino acid transporter complex fuels cell growth by regulating nutrient uptake and signaling pathways. Its dysfunction is linked to diseases, making it a promising drug target.

Keywords:
4F2hcLAT1diseaseintegrated stress responsemTORC1

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • LAT1 and 4F2hc form a heterodimeric amino acid transporter complex crucial for cellular functions.
  • This complex facilitates the uptake of essential amino acids and hormones, impacting cell growth.
  • Dysregulation of LAT1-4F2hc is implicated in various diseases, including cancer and diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize structural insights into LAT1-4F2hc assembly and function.
  • To elucidate the role of LAT1-4F2hc in metabolic signaling pathways.
  • To explore the contribution of LAT1-4F2hc to disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of structural biology data on LAT1-4F2hc.
  • Analysis of literature on LAT1-4F2hc's role in mTORC1 signaling and integrated stress response.
  • Integration of findings related to LAT1-4F2hc in disease contexts.

Main Results:

  • Structural understanding reveals how LAT1 and 4F2hc cooperate in amino acid transport.
  • LAT1-4F2hc stimulates mTORC1 signaling and represses the integrated stress response, promoting cellular growth.
  • Aberrant LAT1-4F2hc function is linked to cancer, diabetes, and immunological/neurological disorders.

Conclusions:

  • LAT1-4F2hc is a key regulator of cellular metabolism and growth.
  • Its structural and functional characterization provides a basis for therapeutic targeting.
  • Understanding LAT1-4F2hc's role in disease offers new avenues for treatment development.