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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

1.1K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
414
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

3.7K
Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
3.7K
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

2.0K
The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
2.0K
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

1.9K
Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
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Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

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Uncommon presentations of common variable immunodeficiency.

Akankcha Alok1, Sadaf Aslam2, John N Greene3

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA akankcha.alok@gmail.com.

BMJ Case Reports
|December 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) increases infection and cancer risks due to impaired B cell function. This study highlights rare CVID complications, emphasizing prompt diagnosis in immunocompromised patients.

Keywords:
EmpyemaGynecological cancerMalignant and Benign haematologyTB and other respiratory infections

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by hypogammaglobulinaemia, leading to recurrent infections.
  • CVID impairs B lymphocyte differentiation, increasing susceptibility to bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal pathogens.
  • Patients with CVID have a higher risk of developing lymphoid and gastrointestinal malignancies.

Observation:

  • This study presents two unique cases of CVID complications.
  • Case 1: A patient with Mycobacterium avium complex-intracellular infection and ovarian cancer.
  • Case 2: A patient with group B Streptococcus empyema and acute myeloid leukemia.

Findings:

  • CVID-induced hypogammaglobulinaemia can manifest as rare infectious and oncological conditions.
  • The presented cases illustrate the diverse and severe potential outcomes of CVID.
  • Rare infections and malignancies underscore the broad clinical spectrum of CVID.

Implications:

  • Increased awareness of these rare complications is crucial for timely diagnosis in CVID patients.
  • Prompt identification and management of these conditions are vital for improving patient outcomes.
  • Understanding the link between CVID and rare comorbidities can guide clinical practice and research.