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Modeling spatial pattern of anemia and malnutrition co-occurrence among under-five children in Ethiopia: A Bayesian

Osafu Augustine Egbon1, Asrat Mekonnen Belachew2, Mariella Ananias Bogoni1

  • 1Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil; Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.

Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology
|December 2, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Anemia and malnutrition in Ethiopian children under five are linked to factors like maternal education and distance to healthcare. Interventions targeting parents are recommended, especially in the North-East regions.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Anemia and malnutrition pose significant public health challenges for children under five in Ethiopia.
  • The co-occurrence of these conditions exacerbates health risks and developmental impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify socio-economic, demographic, and geographical risk factors associated with the co-occurrence of anemia and malnutrition in Ethiopian children under five.
  • To analyze spatial patterns of these co-occurring conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data from 2011 and 2016.
  • Employed a Bayesian hierarchical mixed model with stochastic partial differential equations for spatial analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified key risk factors including child's gender, maternal education, birth order, preceding birth intervals, vaccination status, contraceptive use, marital status, proximity to health facilities, and birth weight.
  • Revealed heightened vulnerability in children under twenty months and significant geographical disparities, with higher prevalence in North-Eastern regions.

Conclusions:

  • Parent-focused interventions addressing individual-level risk factors are more effective than child-focused ones for tackling co-occurring anemia and malnutrition.
  • Prioritizing interventions in high-prevalence areas, particularly the North-East region, is crucial for cost-effective public health strategies.

Keywords:
AnemiaBayesian analysisEthiopiaGeostatisticsMalnutritionSPDE

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