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The phylum Bacteroidota includes over 700 species classified into four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These gram-negative, non-sporulating rods exhibit saccharolytic capabilities and can be aerobic or fermentative, encompassing obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Many species display gliding motility, though some are nonmotile or use flagella. The genus Bacteroides is well-studied due to its significant role in...
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Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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Acinetobacter faecalis Sp. Nov., Isolated from Elephant Faeces.

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A novel Gram-negative coccobacillus, Acinetobacter faecalis sp. nov., was identified from wild elephant feces. This bacterium represents a new species within the Acinetobacter genus, expanding microbial diversity knowledge.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Taxonomy

Background:

  • The genus Acinetobacter comprises Gram-negative bacteria with significant clinical and environmental relevance.
  • Accurate taxonomic classification is crucial for understanding bacterial roles and developing targeted interventions.
  • Wild animal feces serve as a reservoir for diverse microbial communities, including potential novel species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and identify a novel bacterial strain, YIM 103518T, isolated from wild elephant feces.
  • To determine the phylogenetic and genomic relatedness of strain YIM 103518T to existing Acinetobacter species.
  • To propose a new species designation for strain YIM 103518T based on polyphasic taxonomic data.

Main Methods:

  • Polyphasic taxonomic approach including phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analyses.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing for phylogenetic analysis.
  • Genome sequencing for Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) calculations.

Main Results:

  • Strain YIM 103518T is a strictly aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative coccobacillus.
  • Major fatty acids included summed feature 3, C16:0, and C18:1 ω9c; predominant ubiquinone was Q-9.
  • Phylogenetic analysis showed moderate similarity to Acinetobacter portensis, A. sichuanensis, and A. cumulans, with ANI and dDDH values below species delineation thresholds.

Conclusions:

  • Strain YIM 103518T represents a distinct species within the genus Acinetobacter.
  • The proposed name for this novel species is Acinetobacter faecalis sp. nov.
  • The type strain is YIM 103518T (=CCTCC AB 2019201T = NBRC 114057T).