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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
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A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis
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Lordosis in Humans.

Ayten Yesim Semchenko1, Zeynep Senveli2, Mitchell R L Forrest3

  • 1Charles University, Prague, Czechia.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|December 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men prefer a specific spinal curve (lumbar curvature) and find back-arching behavior (lordosis) more attractive in short-term mating contexts, supporting evolutionary psychology theories of human attraction.

Keywords:
attractivenesshuman matinglordosislumbar curvaturemate preferences

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Human Mating Behavior
  • Attractiveness Research

Background:

  • Identifying fitness-relevant cues in human attractiveness remains a challenge.
  • Previous research has not fully explored psychological responses to specific female lumbar region cues.
  • The Fetal Load Hypothesis and Lordosis Detection Hypothesis offer frameworks for understanding male preferences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test evolutionary hypotheses regarding male psychological responses to female lumbar curvature and lordosis behavior.
  • To investigate the influence of mating context on attraction to these specific cues.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies involving male participants (N=102, N=231) were conducted.
  • Participants rated their attraction to animated female characters varying in lumbar curvature and lordosis behavior.
  • Mating contexts (short-term vs. long-term) were manipulated.

Main Results:

  • Male attraction consistently increased with lumbar curvature, aligning with the Fetal Load Hypothesis.
  • Attraction to lordosis behavior was significantly higher in short-term than long-term mating contexts.
  • Findings support both the Lordosis Detection and Fetal Load Hypotheses.

Conclusions:

  • Male attraction is influenced by both static (lumbar curvature) and dynamic (lordosis behavior) female cues.
  • The context of mating significantly modulates the attractiveness of specific behaviors.
  • Dynamic stimuli and evolutionary principles are crucial for understanding human attractiveness.